CIESM Atlas of Exotic Macrophytes in the Mediterranean Sea
 
The data base of Exotic Macrophytes in the Mediterranean Sea was developed by a CIESM task force of four biologists: Drs Marc Verlaque (DIMAR-CNRS, France), Sandrine Ruitton (DIMAR-CNRS, France), Frédéric Mineur (Queen's University of Belfast, UK) and Charles-François Boudouresque (DIMAR-CNRS, France).
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Check-list of exotic species (total: 110)

  • The time boundary is generally set from the date of the opening of the Suez Canal (1869), except for three Indo-Pacific species reported from the eastern Mediterranean Sea before 1869 (Acanthophora nayadiformis, Asparagopsis taxiformis, Ganonema farinosum and Ulva fasciata).

    Regions of introduction: M = Mediterranean, A = Atlantic.
    Origin: A = Atlantic; IP = Indo-Pacific; SH = Southern Hemisphere.
    Status: A = Alien: considered non-established the taxa having only one or few reliable records without any information on the population status. E = Established: considered established the taxa that are clearly naturalized (permanent, self-maintening populations).
    Degree of certainty on the status of introduced species: H = High (introduction with no doubts); M = Medium (introduction likely); D = Debatable (open to question).
     
    Taxon
    Region
    of intro
    Origin
    Status
    Degree
    STRAMENOPILES, CHROMOBIONTA

    Acinetosporaceae
    Pylaiella littoralis (Linnaeus) Kjellman
    M
    A, IP
    E
    M
    Alariaceae
    Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H
    Chordaceae
    Chorda filum (Linnaeus) Stackhouse
    M
    A, IP
    E
    H

    Chordariaceae
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    Botrytella parva (Takamatsu) Kim 1996
    M
    IP
    A
    H
    Cladosiphon zosterae (J. Agardh) Kylin
    M
    A
    E
    M
    Halothrix lumbricalis (Kützing) Reinke
    M
    A, IP
    E
    H
    Leathesia difformis (Linnaeus) Areschoug
    M
    A, IP
    E
    H
    Punctaria tenuissima (C. Agardh) Greville
    M
    A
    E
    H
    Sphaerotrichia firma (Gepp) A.D.Zinova
    M
    IP
    E
    H

    Desmarestiaceae
    Desmarestia viridis (O.F. Müller) J.V. Lamouroux
    M
    A, IP
    E
    H
    Dictyotaceae
    Padina boergesenii Allender & Kraft
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    Rugulopterix okamurae (E.Y. Dawson) Hwang, Lee & Kim
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    Spatoglossum variabile Figari & De Notaris
    M
    IP
    A
    H
    Stypopodium schimperi (Buchinger ex Kützing) Verlaque & Boudouresque
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    Ectocarpaceae
    Ectocarpus siliculosus var. hiemalis (P.L. Crouan & H.M. Crouan) Foslie
    M
    A
    A
    M
    Fucaceae
    Fucus spiralis Linnaeus
    M
    A
    A
    H
    Laminariaceae
    Saccharina japonica (Areschoug) C.E. Lane, C. Mayes, Druehl & G.W. Saunders
    M
    IP
    A
    H
    Sargassaceae
    Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H
    Scytosiphonaceae
    Colpomenia peregrina (Sauvageau) Hamel
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H
    Scytosiphon dotyi M.J. Wynne
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H
    PLANTAE, RHODOBIONTA
    Acrochaetiaceae
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H
    M
    IP
    A
    H
    M
    IP
    A
    H
    M
    IP
    A
    H

    Areschougiaceae
    Agardhiella subulata (C. Agardh) Kraft & M.J. Wynne
    M, A
    A, IP
    E
    H
    Sarconema filiforme (Sonder) Kylin
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    M
    IP
    A
    H

    Bangiaceae
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    Bonnemaisoniaceae
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H
    Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan de Saint-Léon
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H

    Caulacanthaceae
    Feldmannophycus okamurae (Yamada) Mineur, Maggs & Verlaque
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H

    Ceramiaceae

    Acrothamnion preissii (Sonder) E.M.Wollaston
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    M
    A
    E
    H
    M, A
    IP
    E
    D
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H
    Antithamnion nipponicum Yamada & Inagak
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H
    Antithamnionella boergesenii (Cormaci & G. Furnari) Athanasiadis
    M, A
    IP
    E
    D
    Antithamnionella elegans (Berthold) J.H. Price & D.M. John
    M, A
    IP
    E
    D
    Antithamnionella spirographidis (Schiffner) E.M. Wollaston
    M, A
    IP
    E
    D
    Antithamnionella sublittoralis (Setchell & Gardner) Athanasiadis
    M
    IP
    E
    D
    Antithamnionella ternifolia (J.D. Hooker & Harvey) Lyle
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H
    Ceramium bisporum D.L.Ballantine
    M
    A
    A
    H
    Ceramium strobiliforme G.W. Lawson & D.M. John
    M
    A
    A
    H
    Griffithsia corallinoides (Linnaeus) Trevisan
    M
    A, IP
    E
    H
    Pleonosporium caribaeum (Børgesen) R.E. Norris
    M, A
    A
    E
    H
    Corallinaceae
    M
    IP
    E
    H

    Dasyaceae
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H

    Delesseriaceae
    Apoglossum gregarium (E.Y. Dawson) M.J. Wynne
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    Galaxauraceae
    Galaxaura rugosa (J. Ellis & Solander) J.V. Lamouroux
    M
    IP
    E
    H

    Gigartinaceae

    M
    IP
    E
    H

    Goniotrichaceae
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H

    Gracilariaceae
    M
    IP
    A
    H
    Halymeniaceae
    Grateloupia asiatica S. Kawaguchi & H. W. Wang
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    Grateloupia lanceolata (Okamura) Kawaguchi
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    Grateloupia patens (Okamura) S. Kawaguchi & H.W. Wang
    M
    IP
    A
    H
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H

    Hypneaceae
    Hypnea cornuta (Kützing) J. Agardh
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    Hypnea flagelliformis Greville ex J. Agardh
    M
    IP
    A
    H
    Hypnea spinella (C. Agardh) Kützing
    M
    A, IP
    E
    H
    Hypnea valentiae (Turner) Montagne
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H
    Liagoraceae
    Ganonema farinosum (J.V. Lamouroux) K.C. Fan & Y.C. Wang
    M
    IP
    E
    D
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    Lomentariaceae
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H
    Phyllophoraceae
    M
    IP
    E
    H

    Plocamiaceae
    Plocamium secundatum (Kützing) Kützing
    M
    SH
    E
    H
    Rhodomelaceae
    Acanthophora nayadiformis (Delile) Papenfuss
    M
    IP
    E
    D
    Chondria coerulescens (J. Agardh) Falkenberg
    M
    A
    E
    M
    Chondria curvilineata F.S. Collins & Hervey
    M
    A
    E
    H
    Chondria pygmaea Garbary & Vandermeulen
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H
    Laurencia caduciramulosa Masuda & Kawaguchi
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    Lophocladia lallemandii (Montagne) F. Schmitz
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    Neosiphonia harveyi (J. Bailey) M.S. Kim, H.G. Choi, Guiry & G.W. Saunders
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H
    Polysiphonia atlantica Kapraun & J.N. Norris
    M
    A
    E
    D
    Polysiphonia fucoides (Hudson) Greville
    M
    A
    E
    D
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H
    M
    IP
    A
    H
    Pterosiphonia tanakae S. Uwai & M. Masuda
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H
    Symphyocladia marchantioides (Harvey) Falkenberg
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    Rhodophysemataceae
    M
    A, IP
    A
    H
    Rhodymeniaceae
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    Chrysymenia wrightii (Harvey) Yamada
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    M
    IP
    A
    H
    Solieriaceae
    Solieria dura (Zanardini) F. Schmitz
    M
    IP
    A
    H
    Solieria filiformis (Kützing) Gabrielson
    M
    A
    E
    H
    PLANTAE, CHLOROBIONTA
    Caulerpaceae
    Caulerpa mexicana Sonder ex Kützing
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea (Sonder) Verlaque, Huisman & Boudouresque
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    Caulerpa racemosa var. turbinata (J. Agardh) Eubank / uvifera (C. Agardh) J. Agardh
    M
    IP
    E
    D
    Caulerpa scalpelliformis (R. Brown ex Turner) C. Agardh
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    Caulerpa taxifolia (Vahl) C. Agardh
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    Cladophoraceae
    Cladophora herpestica (Montagne) Kützing
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    Cladophora patentiramea (Montagne) Kützing
    M
    IP
    A
    H
    Codiaceae
    Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot subsp. fragile
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H
    Codium taylorii P.C. Silva
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    Dasycladaceae
    M
    IP
    A
    H
    Derbesiaceae
    Derbesia boergesenii (Iyengar & Ramanathan) Mayhoub
    M
    IP
    A
    H
    M
    IP
    E
    H
    Ulvaceae
    M
    IP
    E
    D
    Ulva pertusa Kjellman
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H
    Ulvaria obscura (Kützing) Gayral
    M, A
    IP
    E
    H
    PLANTAE, STREPTOBIONTA
    Halophila stipulacea (Forsskal) Ascherson
    M
    IP
    E
    H
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